Knowledge management is indispensable strategy today - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 7 Words: 1951 Downloads: 1 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Management Essay Type Narrative essay Did you like this example? For some decades ago, in business world, many companies had been successfully operated, and of course, many were eradicated out of the game. we can easily predict that the former firms might have good managers to run their business effectively, or such firms might have the right choice of offering goods and services that have high demand at that period, or it may be other factors contributing to their success such as employees skills, effective cost production and so on. For the later firms, the outcomes of these unsuccessful ones might be resulted from being lack of effective managers, or because of wrong goods and services they were offering, and etc. Today business world, in order to have long-lasting survival, in addition to effective managers, cost effective production, good employees, and right product choices, firms have to maintain, store, and enhance what their managers and employees know such as experiences about setting effective and efficient plan f or their company and the way company is managed, understandings of customers , experiences about making products or services, and so on. In other words, knowledge of employees and staffs in the company must be maintained for the application of next generation. It is the truth that today firms are more focus on knowledge maintenance, especially in high technology industry in order to keep their position in the business world, and hence, knowledge management is one of the most important policy firms put it on priority among their goals and objectives. An in-depth analysis into this issue will provide you background of knowledge at different views, how knowledge management is performed in today business competitive industry, why it is important to entities, and its life cycle as well. Body Knowledge Suppose that two employees who have the same period working in a garment company but why their production is considerably different after a specific time? People may commonly an swer that it is due to the difference of their working skills, knowledge, and experiences. Of course, we can easily realize that employee who has high production would have better skills, knowledge and experiences compared with the remaining one. It will be profitable if all employees are high production ones. The truth is that the more skills, knowledge, and experience employees possess, the more value the company will be added. That is why knowledge management will somehow play a major role in the company strategy. To understand about knowledge management, we have to know what is the knowledge. Imaging that we know how to cook a bowl of Hue-style-beef noodle, (a traditional food in Hue city, Thua Thien Hue province, Vietnam), the method and the skills we cook are considered as our knowledge. Therefore, knowledge can be come from physical ones such as books, newspaper, magazines, and etc, and hence people can learn cooking from any teaching-cooking boob. Besides, knowledge also can be drawn from experiences of people. For example, a person does not learn cooking through a book, but from what he or she observes other cookers, and then he or she will have knowledge about cooking. To have more understanding about knowledge, lets us consider some views of knowledge. In Elias M. Award and Hassan M. Ghaziris view (2003), knowledge is defined as understanding gained through experience or study (1). For this definition, knowledge may come from familiarity with how to do a special work or also may draw from accumulating facts, procedures rules, or heuristics. It is also defined that knowledge is the process of translating information (such as data) and past experience into a meaningful set of relationships which are understood and applied by an individual (2) (Shelda Debowski, 2006). Looking at these two views, we can see that the formers view has a broader look and more succinct compared with the laters one despite of its short definition. As it has been menti oned above, knowledge can be drawn from experience and study as well, but the thing is that what will we name knowledge from experience, and knowledge from study, making it easy to have a closer look at knowledge . If we want to have an in-depth understanding about knowledge, we have to know it in details, and It will be more understandable for readers if knowledge can be categorized. That is the reason why knowledge experts from different countries have categorized knowledge into two common types, the tacit knowledge and the explicit knowledge. It is not difficult for us to understand about tacit knowledge and explicit knowledge. Tacit means to be silent, and hence it might not be spoken out, meaning that if a person has tacit knowledge, he or she might not be able to hand it over to other people by the means of communication, or writing description and the like. In other words, it is the knowledge we know but we do not realize we have known , and how we know it, thus we might n ot be able to make it understandable . For instance, knowing how to drive a bike is what tacit knowledge is about because it is very difficult to teach people driving via any writing description. Indeed, we all know about how to drive it but we cannot teach others step by step, or by writing the process of how to write a bike. This results in that no books teaching about bike driving are published in the world. Talking about explicit knowledge, we can realize that explicit means to be clear and directed. Therefore, such knowledge can be learned via academic and technical methods such as books, writings, chatting, communicating, and the like. A person knows how to cook through direction from a book is the explicit knowledge. In order to specify what is belong to tacit knowledge, and what is belong to explicit knowledge, we should realize characteristics each type of knowledge possesses. According to Nonaka and Takeuchi (1995)(3),tacit knowledge has the following characteristics : It is the knowledge used to create explicit knowledge. It is best communicated personally through dialogue and scenarios, with the use of metaphors. It is the knowledge embedded in the mind of human. And the explicit knowledges characteristics are listed as follow: It can be codified and digitized in books reports and so on. It can be retrieved and transmitted more easily than tacit knowledge. Professor Ikujiro Nonaka (2011), in an interview with Vietnam Economist Times, characterized tacit knowledge as subjective knowledge that is difficult to express in word and explicit knowledge as objective and rational knowledge that can be expressed in words (4). All of these characteristics, it is better for us to summarize that tacit knowledge is subjective (only existing in ones mind)and explicit is objective (exist outside ones mind as a real thing) and rational. Knowledge management Imaging that in a specified time, a manufacturing company possesses a very go od employees and staffs, and hence reaches low production cost, meaning that it will add more value to the firm because products are produced at a low cost by such employees. After two or three decades, most of those employees and staffs are retired according to employment rules, and new employees will be recruited into the company. Of course, these new employees are not good as those who have retired in terms of skills, and awareness of production process. As a result, the company will somehow face high production cost, reducing companys income, and that becomes a problem for that company. We can easy realize that it is the problem of knowledge management. If that company initially had knowledge management plan, the problem might not came. Knowledge management is about managing knowledge, especially in today companies, helping them maintain knowledge that their current employees, staffs, experts, and all managers possess in order to survive and to have positions in today competi tive market. According to Kimiz Dalkir (2005), knowledge management is the process of applying a systematic approach to the capture, structure, management, and dissemination of knowledge throughout an organization in order to faster, reuse best practices, and reduce costly rework from project to project(5. We can consider that knowledge management can be standard for companies that have the same industry, but the knowledge management approach in these companies might be different in terms of size, operational style, power of the company. Apple corporation is a manufacturing firm(producing cellular phones, Ipads, computers, and etc) that has more power than other companies having the same industry to run knowledge management effectively. That is the reason, the company publishes new generations of Iphone, Ipad in every year. For small companies, knowledge management might not be well operated, this may be because they do not have enough capital to use for knowledge management or may be due to their poor management style. The outcomes of effective knowledge management are quite considerable. It adds more value to companies, and helps companies keep its position in the competitive market. To improve knowledge management outcomes, one factor companies must consider is about their customers, and what customers need and what customers desire from the company will somehow contribute to companys advantages. Apple corporation has been aware about that factor, and hence, new features and favorite shape of Iphone are added to new generation, attracting customers to buy the new. Another factor companies should take a look at it is the product life cycle. If firms just concentrate on knowledge management but do not care about whether products they produce is out of date or not, the problem will come. Motorola corporation is an example, when become the global leader in pager market, leaders in the company effectively performed knowledge management strategy, and thus new generation of pagers was published, but the problem is that pagers was out of date due to advent of cell phones. Therefore, product life cycle consideration will in some ways contribute to the outcomes of knowledge management. Leaderships and skills needed to enhance knowledge management process Who will be important to knowledge management must be considered if we want our company have good knowledge management strategy installed. Managers are necessary to knowledge management plan in a company. They play a very vital role in supporting, implementing, and encouraging employees of their company. Both middle and top managers might have direct management of these employees. Knowledge management plan will be effectively and efficiently planned , if managers have good skills on planning and are aware of the importance on knowledge management. Besides, managers have to focus on knowledge management cycle in order to reach the best knowledge management strategy. According to Nonaka and Takeuchi(1995), there are four stages in the cycle of knowledge management. Managers should follow these stages. For example, the first stage managers can do is to gather personal skills of employees by the mean of socialization such as face to face communication. Managers should then convert these collected knowledge into meaningful ways that people can understand, that we call the process of externalization. Combination of these meaningful ways must be performed in order to reach a new form. The last stage is that managers have to encourage employees to extend the knowledge using their own tacit knowledge. If the four stages are well performed, the outcomes of knowledge management will be very considerable. Conclusion To sum up, knowledge management can be viewed as a new vital strategy of any entity in today competitive market as it adds more value to business and keep companys position in the future. That is the reason why many companies have concentrated on knowledge management. Footnotes: (1): Elias M. Award and Hassan M. Ghaziri, (2003), Knowledge Management, Prentice Hall. (2): Shelda Debowski, (2006), Knowledge Management, first edition, Sydney and Melbourne, John Wiley and Sons Australia. (3): Kimiz Dalkir (2005), Knowledge Management In Theory and Practice, Elsevier. (4): Ikujiro Nonaka ( April 2011), Drawing on Knowledge, Vietnam Economic Times, p.31. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Knowledge management is indispensable strategy today" essay for you Create order

Use of Chemical Weapons and its Effects on the Neighboring Countries Free Essays

Globalization can be defined as the process of integrating the social, economic, political, and cultural of different countries globally. Globalization stems back all the way to the second half of the 20th century. Globalization has plenty of accolades, but it also has major negative consequences. We will write a custom essay sample on Use of Chemical Weapons and its Effects on the Neighboring Countries or any similar topic only for you Order Now Scientific developments hastened with globalization and tools of mass destruction like chemical weapons started being produced on large scale and demand. This paper focuses on how the use of chemical weapons in Syria has affected the Syrian environment and its relations with its neighboring countries. Background Chemical weapons are some of the most dangerous tools to be used in war. Chemical weapons have been used for centuries in fight, but it was not until the First World War that they were used in large scale. According to Ahmet ÃÅ"zà ¼mcà ¼ says that this was all made possible by the rapid advances in science technology that enabled the mass production of these lethal weapons. Despite the early efforts to control the use of these weapons by signing the Geneva protocol in 1925, it did not require that one could not stock chemical agent; therefore, they continued to be used in warfare during the cold war and even the Iran-Iraq war. In 1993, the world community signed the chemical weapon convention, which was enforced in 1997 (1). This was a much comprehensive ban on chemical weapons. Destruction of these weapons is projected to conclude in the next few years. Recent events in Syria have reminded the world of the horrific impact of chemical weapons. According to Pita Renà © and Juan Domingo, the Syrian government accused a terrorist group of firing a chemical rocket at the southeast of the city of Aleppo, Khan Al Asal that took the lives of 25 innocent people and injured more than 110 people (2). Jefferson quoted the US secretary of state on the event as â€Å"moral obscenity†. The Organization for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons (OPCW) could not investigate the disaster since at the time Syria was not a member of the Chemical World Convention. However, after the Syrian Government asked the United Nations to investigate whether the use of chemical weapons caused the attack, it started the UN Secretary-General Mechanism (SGM). The UN Secretary-General assembled a mission that consisted of OCPW personnel and medical staff from the world health organization (4). The investigation did confirm that the attack was chemical based, and also set the base for the investigation of other alleged chemical weapon attacks with France and the United Kingdom accusing Syria of another chemical related attack. These were followed by other allegations by Qatar and the USA. They were all alleging that through their investigations they had found the 12 different attacks to have been caused by chemical weapons which were in possession of the Syrian government. The investigations were conducted through the means of individualized governments, which meant that the UN could not use the findings. The United Nations could not use these findings because they did not have the proper chain of protection, as the United Nations required the investigation to be done by its personnel. However, after all the turn of events, the Syrian government decided to join the CWC led to the commencement of international efforts to completely Syria of these dangerous chemical weapons (5). Problems The use of Chemical weapons in Syria attracted a lot of attention from big world powers. Greg says that the USA and the UK became the most spoken in the fight against removing chemical weapons and a new regime in Syria. After the statement of the US secretary of state John Kerry, the then President of the United States of America Barrack Obama also issued a statement warning Syria that any use of chemical weapons by the country would be crossing a global red line. The British Prime minister David Cameron despite conceding the parliamentary vote on taking part in military action and gave a striking warning that the use of chemical weapons would quality a strong response from the United Kingdom. According to Christian Henderson, the UK decided that by â€Å"legal basis military action would be humanitarian intervention.† Syria had potentially made unnecessary powerful enemies who could subdue it if it went past diplomacy (3). Syria was not part of the CWC when the first attack took place; this meant that the relevant authority that was assigned with the task of investigating chemical attacks could not get involved. Even though other individualized governments had carried out their investigation due to the lack of chain of custody of the investigations, even the UN could not take any action. This meant the process would drag on for a longer period than it should have and the relationship between the countries involved would continue to strain. In turn, the process of ridding the universe of chemical weapons would suffer setbacks. Pros The attack in Syria brought back the attention of the world to a problem that needed an urgent solution. Syria was still one of the countries that were still not in the CWC, and the attack showed the world that they needed to do everything possible to get the other countries to join CWC. According to Catherine Jefferson, Syria did allow and joined CWC and had since cooperated with the body in the destruction of the chemical weapons stock. For the OPCW to get involved in the first investigation, it required the activation of the SGM, the enactment of this mechanism showed the importance of achieving Universal membership (2). Since Syria became part of the CWC actions have been taken to ensure that Syria destroys the chemical weapons and through this Samiotis and Grekos, shows in 2014 chemical weapons from Syria were destroyed aboard a vessel belonging to the US Maritime Administration by the name MV Cape Ray in the Mediterranean Sea. This was a big milestone in the fight for a world free from chemical weaponry (2). Cons The first agreement against chemical weapons, the Geneva protocol was signed in 1925, but countries were still stockpiling chemical weapons, and it took well over 68 years before the Chemical Weapon Convention was established in 1993. It took another four years for it to be enforced, but the drawback is that there are countries that are not part of the CWC; thus, this does not affect that which puts the convention under threat. This is seen when the attacks in Syria take place by the use of the weapons, and it is even harder to assemble a mission to investigate the attacks due to the lack of custody (Renà © and Domingo 2). The convention has played a big role in destroying chemical weapons, but there is still a long way to go before they accomplish this mission entirely. The use of chemical weapons in Syria has a very negative effect on the natural environment of the countries affected. According to Pita Renà © and Juan Domingo shows, that the samples collected from the scene of the attack had Sarin decomposition and metabolites. The destruction of chemical weapons in the Mediterranean Sea according to has consequences that even from a scientific perspective still do not know the extent to which it may destroy the sea. The chemicals involved in the making of the weapons cause a lot of damage to the environment which if not dealt with my cause a permanent problem. Many of the attacks have happened within Syria, and any signs of way are a threat to political stability and attainment of world peace. The claims that have been made against the Syrian government have not been proven, and thus no one has taken responsibility for the attacks (4). Solutions According to Christopher Jenkins, the CWC is on the right track towards the complete destruction of chemical weapons. The CWC should engage the countries that have not joined them to subscribe to the cause and help the world become chemical weapon free. Most of the countries are storing the weapons because of the uncertainty that they might face a war shortly. If the CWC and other relevant authorities come together, get involved and guarantee these countries that they won’t fall into the attack, then it may be possible to get them to join CWC (1). Recommendations The Syrian government has strained relations with other countries due to the recent attacks. It is important for these countries to have a good international relationship for the CWC to be well enforced and reduce any chances of them getting into a war and spark another wave of large-scale production chemical weapons. The Syrian government should also get involved in the process of restoring the country to a more stable state. They should get as much outside help as possible and enhance their international relationships. 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Radio Making Waves In America Essays - Radio Communications

Radio: Making Waves In America Radio-wave technology is one of the most important technologies used by man. It has forever changed the United States and the world, and will continue to do so in the future. Radio has been a communications medium, a recreational device, and many other things to us. When British physicist James Clerk Maxwell published his theory of electromagnetic waves in 1873, he probably never could have envisioned the sorts of things that would come of such a principle. His theory mainly had to do with light waves, but fifteen years later, a German physicist named Heinrich Hertz was able to electrically generate Maxwell?s ?rays? in his lab. The discovery of these amazing properties, the later invention of a working wireless radio, and the resulting technology have been instrumental to America?s move into the Information Age. The invention of radio is commonly credited to Guglielmo Marconi, who, starting in 1895, developed the first ?wireless? radio transmitter and receiver. Working at home with no support from his father, but plenty from his mother, Marconi improved upon the experiments and equipment of Hertz and others working on radio transmission. He created a better radio wave detector or cohere and connected it to an early type of antenna. With the help of his brothers and some of the neighborhood boys he was able to send wireless telegraph messages over short distances. By 1899 he had established a wireless communications link between England and France that had the ability to operate under any weather conditions. He had sent trans-Atlantic messages by late 1901, and later won the Nobel prize for physics in 1909. Radio works in a very complicated way, but here?s a more simple explanation than you?ll get from most books: Electromagnetic waves of different wavelengths are produced by the transmitter, and modulations within each wavelength are adjusted to carry ?encoded? information. The receiver, tuned to read the frequency the transmitter is sending on, then takes the encoded information (carried within the wave modulations), and translates it back into the sensory input originally transmitted. Many of the men who pioneered radio had designs for it. Marconi saw it as the best communication system and envisioned instant world-wide communication through the air. David Sarnoff ( later the head of RCA and NBC) had a vision of ?a radio receiver in every home? in 1916, although the real potential of radio wasn?t realized until after World War I. Before and during World War I, radio was used primarily to send long distance messages across continents and oceans. Reginald A. Fessenden made the first radio broadcast in the U.S. from an experimental station in Brant Rock, Massachusetts on Dec. 24, 1906. It was a Christmas eve program of music, and a speech from the inventor (Marconi). Fessenden?s first broadcast was for entertainment, but radio wasn?t to be used widely as such for some time. WWI proved radio?s value to the army, and later its commercial uses were realized by entrepreneurs who encouraged the public to buy receivers or ?radios.? New technologies made more portable, cheaper, radio devices that were much more appealing to the consumer. Advances such as vacuum tubes and regenerative circuits enabled smaller radios, and later transistors and printed circuits further decreased their size. These advances really helped to spread the use of the radio in America. The radio was affordable enough for the public once mass-production began on public-model radios around the late 1910s and early ?20s. As its popularity increased, commercial radio began to take off. Radio KOW in San Jose Ca. was the first commercial broadcast station to begin ?regular programming as early as 1912.? The station recognized as the first successful commercial broadcaster was KDKA in Pittsburgh Pennsylvania, going on the air in 1920 with the results of the presidential race between Harding and Cox. Their success led to the rapid growth of radio over the next two years, resulting in over 500 licensed stations by the end of 1922. Around the 1970s microcircuits replaced printed circuits. Plastics were put to use in the casing of the components, instead of a heavy wooden covering. Amplifiers of the radio currents enabled modern style speakers to be used to translate electrical impulses and

English 4B Unit 9 Essays

English 4B Unit 9 Essays English 4B Unit 9 Paper English 4B Unit 9 Paper Essay Topic: Literature Dark humor and paranoid characters 1. Unlike modernist literature, postmodern literature was characterized by Responds to the work and develops his own ideas about it 2. During literary analysis, the writer reads a work and then Interrogative Read the sentence. How many national parks are located in Utah? 3. This sentence is An exclamation point Read the sentence, and then select the correct end mark. Dont touch that hot stove 4. This sentence should end with Something out of control and unnatural 1. In Yeats poem The Second Coming, the falcon and the falconer are images that most likely represent Sad and depressing 2. Based on Yeats poems Sailing to Byzantium and When You Are Old, he most likely views old age and death as being Incorrect Read each sentence. Select correct if the sentence does not need any commas. Select incorrect if the sentence needs a comma or commas. 3. We were tempted to drink out of that clean cold stream. Incorrect 4. How do motorcycles trail bikes and mopeds differ? Incorrect 5. The Ammonoosuc Ravine Trail is a steep rocky one. Help readers focus on the message rather than the structure 1. Free verse is often used by poets to Dark and somber 2. The mood of the poem The Hollow Men can best be described as Whisper 3. In The Hollow Men, what do the hollow men do together? The potatoes skins Choose the correct possessive form for each phrase. 4. The skins of the potatoes The mens whiskers 5. The whiskers of the men Irritated Choose the meaning of the bolded words in questions 6-13. 6. We were (vexed) by the delay. Trick 7. We children knew the clowns tears were an (artifice.) Continual 8. During the storm, the howling of the wind was (incessant.) Talkative 9. He is much more (garrulous) at home than he is at school. Emphasizing 10. The camp director stated the rules, (accentuating) sportsmanship. Imposing 11. During the playoffs, the team faced a (formidable) opponent. Prayer 12. In (supplication), the woman asked for forgiveness. Power 13. She was surprised by the (potency) of the medicine. Correct Read each sentence. Select correct if the sentence does not need any commas. Select incorrect if the sentence needs a comma or commas. 14. Inside the dead, decaying tree trunk was a honeybee hive. Correct 15. Many vivid tropical fish swam beneath our glass-bottomed boat. Incorrect 16. In Colonial America children went to school on foot in wagons and in sleighs. The fledgling business, though small was doing quite well. Read each group of sentences. Two of the sentences are punctuated correctly. Choose the sentence that contains incorrect comma usage. 17. *Zeke, in fact, beat his old record in the breaststroke by almost two seconds. *Cats, like other seemingly harmless animals, can cause a lot of harm with their claws. *The fledgling business, though small was doing quite well. Nevertheless we managed to wake at six oclock to rush to the airport. 18. *My father, however, does not enjoy camping. *Basketball, it seems, is the favorite sport of the fifth grade boys. *Nevertheless we managed to wake at six oclock to rush to the airport. They were able to prove, I believe that Jesse James was killed in Missouri in 1882. 19. *They were able to prove, I believe that Jesse James was killed in Missouri in 1882. *Frances, therefore, was the last student to leave the party. *Your brother, although younger, is tall enough to ride the roller coaster with you. Internal rhyme 1. Read this line from Fern Hill. And honored among wagons I was prince of the apple towns. This line contains examples of The first line of the poem is also the last line of the second and fourth tercets. 2. Which of these demonstrates that Do Not Go Gentle into That Good Night is a villanelle? Incorrect Choose correct if the sentence uses semicolons correctly or incorrect if it does not. 3. We traveled by car on the other hand; our parents went by plane. Correct 4. Maya has a new puppy; furthermore, its ears are floppy. Correct 5. On our trip through New England, we stopped at Boston, Massachusetts; Keene, New Hampshire; and Rutland, Vermont. Situation 1. In A Shocking Accident, when Greene writes about Jeromes father being killed by a falling pig, he is using humor of Jerome learns of his fathers true fate 2. How is pathos represented in A Shocking Accident? Became engaged 3. In A Shocking Accident, what did Jerome do when it was neither too early nor too late? Incorrect Choose correct if the sentence uses colons correctly or incorrect if it does not. 4. U2s early albums include: Boy, October, and War. Incorrect 5. Dear: Sirs, I am very happy with your product. Incorrect 6. Gertrude is much taller than: Amy, Melissa, and Celia. It describes Orwells feelings about personal experiences. 1. Why is Shooting an Elephant by George Orwell classified as a reflective essay? The owner was furious, but was only an Indian and could do nothing. 2. Which sentence from Shooting an Elephant is an example of irony? Correct Decide if the quotation marks are used correctly. 3. Have you ever read the story A Rose for Emily? Incorrect 4. G.C. Lichtenburg observed, To do exactly the opposite is also a form of imitation. Incorrect 5. I never want to go camping again! exclaimed Melissa. Briefness Choose the meaning of the bolded words in questions 6-12. 6. Everyone appreciated the (brevity) of the lecture. Impassioned 7. Her (ardent) plea to protect the wildlife refuge won her the support of the mayor. Replace 8. The new student tried to (supplant) Ben in his role as photographer for the yearbook. Plowed 9. The farmer (cultivated) the field using a tractor and heavy equipment. Picky 10. My (fastidious) aunt loves this restaurant. Thrifty 11. The family became more (frugal) after the father lost his job. Respected 12. The Nobel Prize is one of the most prestigious awards. This months budget Choose the correct possessive form for each phrase. 13. The budget for this month The doctors schedule 14. The schedule of the doctor Incorrect Read each sentence. Select correct if the semicolon usage is correct. Select incorrect if the sentence needs a semicolon. 15. Slice the kiwi, bananas, and melon leave the cherries whole. Incorrect 16. My in-laws live in Atlanta, Georgia, San Francisco, California, and Miami, Florida. Correct 17. Laurie, Joaly, and Ted went to the museum, but Greg went to see a play. Correct Read each sentence. Select correct if the colon usage is correct. Select incorrect if the sentence needs a colon or does not use colons correctly. 18. I have signed up for the following classes: linguistics, geometry, sculpture, and archery. Incorrect 19. Stanley longed to return to London: he thought the people were friendlier there, and he was constantly fascinated with the citys architecture. Incorrect 20. Gertrude is much taller than: Amy, Melissa, and Celia. Diction 1. The use of wordplay is a form of Larking 2. In Stevie Smiths poem Not Waving but Drowning, the dead man always loved Shed many tears 3. In The Frog Prince, for one hundred years, the Frog Prince has not Artist Rene Magrittes humble beginnings included designing wallpaper and sketching advertisements. Choose the sentence that correctly uses ellipses to replace the underlined words. 4. Artist Rene Magrittes humble beginnings included (nonglamorous jobs such as) designing wallpaper and sketching advertisements. The boys innocence is shattered after he encounters something he cant control. 1. Which sentence best describes the boys character development in A Sunrise on the Veld? and let his head sink back till it was pillowed in his neck muscles 2. Which of these examples from A Sunrise on the Veld shows kinesthetic imagery? One third Choose the group of words in each sentence that is missing a hyphen. If no hyphen is needed, select Correct as is. 3. Only one third of the registered voters showed up at the late polls. Father in 4. Is your father in law coming to the wedding ceremony this Saturday night? Pro American 5. The pro American platform helped the candidate win the senatorial election. Rakesh wants to use his knowledge to help his father 1. In Desais story A Devoted Son, Rakesh insists on a strict diet for his father. Based on information in the story, which best describes Rakeshs motivation? The thing that made Varma proud of his son- his medical accomplishments- is now taking away his own happiness 2. What is ironic about the end of A Devoted Son? Incorrect Choose incorrect if the sentence is punctuated incorrectly. Choose correct if it is punctuated correctly. 3. I ran into a door [see the bump on my head]? Incorrect 4. Several children (that is, five) came down with chicken pox. Correct 5. Several students- twenty in all- auditioned for the lead. Coherence 1. Logical flow in a paper is also known as As a result, Read the two sentences below. Catch and release has become a popular slogan for those who fish for sport rather than for food. Devices that land fish without harming them are popular. 2. Which transition would be the best choice to insert at the beginning of the second sentence? Incorrect Select correct if the sentence is punctuated correctly. Select incorrect if it is not. 3. Who can explain this passage from Madame Bovary? asked Mr. Sonnenburg. Correct 4. Having just broken up with her boyfriend (whom she had known since elementary school), Tasha was not ready for another long-term relationship. Incorrect 5. Jim Thorpe 1888-1953, an outstanding all-around athlete, was born on a reservation near Prague, Oklahoma.

Executive Orders Definition and Application

Executive Orders Definition and Application A presidential executive order (EO) is a directive issued to federal agencies, department heads, or other federal employees by the President of the United States under his statutory or constitutional powers. In many ways, presidential executive orders are similar to written orders, or instructions issued by the president of a corporation to its department heads or directors. Thirty days after being published in the Federal Register, executive orders take effect. While they do bypass the U.S. Congress and the standard legislative law making process, no part of an executive order may direct the agencies to conduct illegal or unconstitutional activities. Brief History or Executive Orders The first recognized executive order was issued by President George Washington on June 8, 1789, in the form of a letter to the heads of all federal departments instructing them to â€Å"impress me with a full, precise, and distinct general idea of the affairs of the United States.† Since then, all U.S. presidents, with the exception of William Henry Harrison have issued executive orders, ranging from presidents Adams, Madison and Monroe, who issued only one each, to President Franklin D. Roosevelt, who issued 3,522 executive orders. The practice of numbering and officially documenting executive orders as such did not begin until 1907 when the Department of State instituted the present-day numbering system. Applying the system retroactively, the agency designated the â€Å"Executive Order Establishing a Provisional Court in Louisiana,† issued by President Abraham Lincoln on October 20, 1862, as â€Å"United States Executive Order 1.† Perhaps the most impactful and certainly most famous executive order was the Emancipation Proclamation issued by President Abraham Lincoln on January 1, 1863, directing all agencies of the federal government to treat the 3.5 million African American slaves being held in the seceded Confederate states as free men and women.   Reasons for Issuing Executive Orders Presidents typically issue executive orders for one of these purposes:1. Operational management of the executive branch2. Operational management of federal agencies or officials3. To carry out statutory or constitutional presidential responsibilities Notable Executive Orders In 1970, President Richard Nixon used this executive order to establish a new federal agency, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, under the Department of Commerce.Shortly after the December 7, 1941, attack on Pearl Harbor, President Franklin D. Roosevelt issued Executive Order 9066, directing the internment of more than 120,000 Japanese-Americans, many of whom were U.S. citizens.In reaction to the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001, President George W. Bush issued this executive order combining over 40 federal law enforcement agencies and creating the Cabinet-level Department of Homeland Security.As one of his first official actions, President Obama issued an executive order that some claimed allowed him to hide his personal records - like his birth certificate - from the public. In fact, the order had a very different goal. During his first 100 days in office, 45th President Donald Trump issued more executive orders than any other recent president. Many of President Trump’s early executive orders were intended to fulfill his campaign promises by undoing several policies of his predecessor President Obama. Among the most significant and controversial of these executive orders were: Executive Order Minimizing the Economic Burden of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care ActEO No. 13765 Signed: Jan. 20, 2017: The order reversed provisions of the Affordable Care Act - Obamacare - which he had promised to â€Å"repeal and replace† during the campaign.Enhancing Public Safety in the Interior of the United StatesEO No. 13768 Signed Jan. 25, 2017: The order, intended to reduce illegal immigration, denied federal grant money to so-called sanctuary cities.Protecting the Nation From Foreign Terrorist Entry Into the United StatesEO No. 13769 signed Jan. 27, 2017: The order temporarily suspended immigration from the Muslim-majority countries of Syria, Iran, Iraq, Libya, Sudan, Yemen, and Somalia Can Executive Orders be Overridden or Withdrawn? The president can amend or retract his or her own  executive order at any time. The president may also issue an executive order superseding or nullifying executive orders issued by former presidents. New incoming presidents may choose to retain the executive orders issued by their predecessors, replace them with new ones of their own, or revoke the old ones completely. In extreme cases, Congress may pass a law that alters an executive order, and they can be declared unconstitutional and vacated by the Supreme Court. Executive Orders vs. Proclamations Presidential proclamations differ from executive orders in that they are either ceremonial in nature or deal with issues of trade and may or may not carry legal effect. Executive orders have the legal effect of a law. Constitutional Authority for Executive Orders Article II, section 1 of the U.S. Constitution reads, in part, The executive power shall be vested in a president of the United States of America. And, Article II, section 3 asserts that  The President shall take care that the laws be faithfully executed... Since the Constitution does not specifically define executive power, critics of executive orders argue that these two passages do not imply constitutional authority. But, presidents of the United States since George Washington have argued that they do and have used them accordingly. Modern Use of Executive Orders Until World War I, executive orders were used for relatively minor, usually unnoticed acts of state. That trend changed drastically with the  passage of the War Powers Act of 1917. This act passed during WWI granted the president temporary powers to immediately enact laws regulating trade, economy, and other aspects of policy as they pertained to enemies of America. A key section of the War Powers act also contained language specifically excluding American citizens from its effects. The War Powers Act remained in effect and unchanged until 1933 when a freshly elected President Franklin D. Roosevelt found America in the panic stage of the Great Depression. The first thing FDR did was to convene a special session of Congress where he introduced a bill amending the War Powers Act to remove the clause excluding American citizens from being bound by its effects. This would allow the president to declare national emergencies and unilaterally enact laws to deal with them. This massive amendment was approved by both houses of Congress in less than 40 minutes without debate. Hours later, FDR officially declared the depression a national emergency and started issuing a string of executive orders that effectively created and implemented his famed New Deal policy. While some of FDRs actions were, perhaps, constitutionally questionable, history now acknowledges them as having helped to avert the peoples growing panic and starting our economy on its way to recovery. Presidential Directives and Memorandums Same as Executive Orders Occasionally, presidents issue orders to executive branch agencies through presidential directives or presidential memorandums, instead of executive orders. In January 2009, the U.S. Department of Justice issued a statement declaring presidential directives (memorandums) to have exactly the same effect as executive orders. A presidential directive has the same substantive legal effect as an executive order. It is the substance of the presidential action that is determinative, not the form of the document conveying that action, wrote acting U.S. Assistant Attorney General Randolph D. Moss. Both an executive order and a presidential directive remain effective upon a change in administration unless otherwise specified in the document, and both continue to be effective until subsequent presidential action is taken.

Gender discrimination and women's promotion in workplaces Research Paper

Gender discrimination and women's promotion in workplaces - Research Paper Example hrough participation in the civil rights movement and as advocates for the community based groups that grew up around that movement and President Johnson  War on Poverty. The ideas were an attempt to make sense out of the labor market problems as the people in these communities experienced them (or at least described their experiences) and to describe the labor market as these people saw it.  1. As Blau and Jusenius have pointed out, because structured internal labor markets treat workers as members of groups and tend to treat workers within these groups consistently, differentiation between women and men is likely to take the form of segregating women and men into different jobs, rather than paying them unequally for the same job.  17.  In general, in structured internal labor markets, all individuals in the same job are likely to be equally paid, except for performance or seniority differentials. This leaves open the reasons women and men are likely to be differentiated, but it does suggest that entry-level jobs are likely to be different for men and women and arranged in different job families so that segregation will be maintained throughout ones career in the firm. This is precisely what  Kelley  found. Beyond that, womens job ladders may be shorter, and other ways of maintaining differentiation in the firm may exist. For example, Osterman suggests that in a pu blishing firm he studied differential opportunity was maintained by keeping women in the lowest grade levels of various occupation groups.18.  Institutionally, that type of differentiation could be aided by placing women in job titles that differ from related jobs that men hold or possibly by locating them in different departments. Such observations suggest that the effects of internal labor markets differ for men and women, despite their emphasis on consistent rules. The rules of the game are neutral on their face but disparate in their impact. The rules may also differ in different parts of the

Reflective Learning Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Reflective Learning - Essay Example This involved a lot of wavering around several topics. This itself involved a deep process of thinking looking for what constitutes knowledge or theory of knowledge. As Syke(1984) states that epistemology is the theory of methods or grounds of knowledge. I had several options to apply to get to this knowledge. I could gather it as a rationalist( knowledge through reasoning),as an empiricist( knowledge through experiences and observation),as a realist( knowledge through direct view),as a critical realist(knowledge by combining views with existing theories) and as a subjective realist (knowledge through perception and models). This posed another step in intellectual advancement as it lay clear the logical process to knowledge given the nature of topic to be taken up. Finally looking at the topic I decided to apply a critical realist approach combining it with empiricism. Understanding existing theory implied that I have a clear definition of what constitutes theory.As Kerlinger(1979) s tates, "A theory is asset of interrelated constructs(variables),definitions and propositions that present a systematic view of phenomena by specifying relationships among variables with the purpose of explaining natural phenomena". This set me up for the search of these variables and relationships. I also relied on simple definition of theory by Black(1993) who states that a theory is an ' explanation of how things function or why events occur'. Then the outcomes of the research consumed my attention at the next level of concretising the intellectual thought process. It was apparent that the given topic would be amenable to research through deductive intent staring with existing theories and testing such theory with empirical secondary data. Most of the theories focused on were content specific and substantive as the topic involved a specific region which had characteristics quite unique for grand or middle level theories to work to any effect. The entire process of intellectual dev elopment in relation to choice of topic and research methods to adopt, as detailed above involved a huge amount of critical and reflective thinking. In fact the concept of critical thinking had to be understood in full before such a process of intellectual up gradation was taken up. It formed the foundation. Literature on critical and reflective thinking helped he process along.Starting as early as the1909, Dewy, the American philosopher, psychologist and educator we have a structured definition of the phrase critical thinking. He equated critical thinking to 'reflective thinking' and defined it as "Active, persistent, and careful consideration of a belief or supposed form of knowledge in the light of the grounds which support it and the further conclusions to which it tends" (Dewy, 1909, p.9). Building further on Dewey's ideas, Glaser defined critical thinking as: "An attitude of being disposed to consider in a thoughtful way the problems